DEFINITION: The accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the interstitium or body cavities.
CAUSES:
Increased hydrostatic pressure
A. Impaired venous return
B. Arteriolar dilatation
Reduced oncotic pressure of plasma
A. Reduced intake
B. Increased loss
C. Decreased production
Sodium retention
A. Excessive salt intake with reduced renal function
B. Increased tubular reabsorption of sodium
Lymphatic obstruction
A. Inflammatory
B. Neoplastic
C. Post surgical
D. Post irradiation
PATHOGENESIS
Arterial end oncotic pressure venous end
35mmHg 25mmHg 15mmHg
MORPHOLOGY
Subcutaneous tissue- localised or generalised (anasarca)
Body cavities- hydrothorax or pleural effusion; hydropericardium or pericardial effusion; hydroperitoneum or ascites
Organs- pulmonary oedema, cerebral oedema; Both can be fatal.
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